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Written in Akkadian, purportedly by Hammurabi, the sixth king of the First Dynasty of Babylon, the primary copy is inscribed on a stele.  ","extension":0,"authorable_id":24804,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-1750,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recBAY7QYbVb5srfW","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:56","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":74356,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"-1750\",\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\" Hammurabi, sixth king of the First Dynasty of Babylon\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1720,"name":"Writing Develops in China","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24708,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-1600,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rechh93JnigbH4Q9d","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:31","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73806,"misc":"{\"end_year\":-1046,\"start_year\":-1600,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":[\"Information Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1743,"name":"Hittites Sack Babylon (Asia: Middle East)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24731,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-1595,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recElFIvFgE5OwFAZ","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:32","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73829,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":-1595,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Mursilli I \",\"themes\":[\"Global Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1748,"name":"Canaanite Alliance Against Egyptian Invasion (Asia: Middle East)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24736,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-1548,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rech7SWsl15R1qfQ4","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:32","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73834,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":-1548,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Thutmose III\",\"themes\":[\"Global Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1828,"name":"Vedas","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"Veda, (Sanskrit: \u201cKnowledge\u201d) a collection of poems or hymns composed in archaic Sanskrit by Indo-European-speaking peoples who lived in northwest India during the 2nd millennium BCE. No definite date can be ascribed to the composition of the Vedas, but the period of about 1500\u20131200 BCE is acceptable to most scholars. The hymns formed a liturgical body that in part grew up around the soma ritual and sacrifice and were recited or chanted during rituals. They praised a wide pantheon of gods, some of whom personified natural and cosmic phenomena, such as fire (Agni), the Sun (Surya and Savitri), dawn (Ushas, a goddess), storms (the Rudras), and rain (Indra), while others represented abstract qualities such as friendship (Mitra), moral authority (Varuna), kingship (Indra), and speech (Vach, a goddess).","extension":0,"authorable_id":24816,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-1500,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recMbuo6TxYqnc1x8","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:56","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":74368,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"-1500\",\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Lanman, Nammazhvar, Ramanuja\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1749,"name":"Egypt Defeats Canaanite Coalition","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24737,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-1457,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recVQfWJxo0EeE6kO","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:32","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73835,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":-1457,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Thutmose III, Durusha\",\"themes\":[\"Global Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1827,"name":"Torah","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"The Torah (\/\u02c8t\u0254\u02d0r\u0259, \u02c8to\u028ar\u0259\/; Biblical Hebrew: \u05ea\u05bc\u05d5\u05b9\u05e8\u05b8\u05d4\u200e T\u014dr\u0101, \"Instruction\", \"Teaching\" or \"Law\") is the compilation of the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, namely the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.[1] In that sense, Torah means the same as Pentateuch or the Five Books of Moses. It is also known in the Jewish tradition as the Written Torah (\u05ea\u05d5\u05e8\u05d4 \u05e9\u05d1\u05db\u05ea\u05d1, Torah She\u2019bichtav). If meant for liturgic purposes, it takes the form of a Torah scroll (Sefer Torah). If in bound book form, it is called Chumash, and is usually printed with the rabbinic commentaries (perushim). ","extension":0,"authorable_id":24815,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-1312,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recZCNo2u7RKhhxQo","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:56","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":74367,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"-1312\",\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Moses\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1692,"name":"Lizq-Rumaylah Settlement (Asia: Middle East) ","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24680,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-1300,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recT3obyZEofnKSaX","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:15:39","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73494,"misc":"{\"end_year\":-300,\"start_year\":-1300,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\",\"Technology\"]}"},{"id":1721,"name":"Yin Becomes Capital of Shang Dynasty (Asia: China)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24709,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-1300,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recIiffbaM7cK4Cw1","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:31","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73807,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":-1300,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1722,"name":"Wu Ding Rules Shang Dynasty (Asia: China)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24710,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-1250,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recjcI2PrHNiOizfP","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:31","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73808,"misc":"{\"end_year\":-1192,\"start_year\":-1250,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Wu Ding\",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1750,"name":"Hebrew Tribes Settle Canaan (Asia: Middle East)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24738,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-1250,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"receO0uxfNxQ92qii","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:32","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73836,"misc":"{\"end_year\":-1200,\"start_year\":-1250,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":[\"Global Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1841,"name":"I-Ching (Book of Changes)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"The I Ching has served for thousands of years as a philosophical taxonomy of the universe, a guide to an ethical life, a manual for rulers, and an oracle of one\u2019s personal future and the future of the state. It was an organizing principle or authoritative proof for literary and arts criticism, cartography, medicine, and many of the sciences, and it generated endless Confucian, Taoist, Buddhist, and, later, even Christian commentaries, and competing schools of thought within those traditions","extension":0,"authorable_id":24829,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-1250,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recff9HBjF4ISd2ha","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:56","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":74381,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"-1250\",\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1246,"name":"Zhou Dynasty Begins (Asia: China)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24234,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-1046,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"reczAvG1Ygezroyap","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:37","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69308,"misc":"{\"end_year\":-221,\"start_year\":-1046,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":1,\"people\":\"King Wu\",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"AP\",\"Big History\",\"WHP\"]}"},{"id":1719,"name":"The Mandate of Heaven (Asia: China)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24707,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-1046,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recsqqP5KcTFCggWS","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 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East)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24735,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-1000,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recupGJs8qtvSTK13","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:32","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73833,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":-1000,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"King David\",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1694,"name":"Muhammad Founds City of Medina (Asia: Middle East) ","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24682,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-900,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recM3ZfGDEvBooED3","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 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China)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24235,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-770,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recsFunvjmPi1gny8","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:37","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69310,"misc":"{\"end_year\":-221,\"start_year\":-770,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":1,\"people\":\"Confucius (551 BCE)\",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"AP\",\"WHP\"]}"},{"id":1631,"name":"Coins","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"619 - 560 BCE: King Alyattes introduces the Lydian \"stater,\" gold and silver coins to represent monetary value. This is the first government issued coin in history and the model for most all subsequent coinage. ","extension":0,"authorable_id":24619,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-619,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recAUYKLf47o2aye0","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:07:20","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":72157,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"-619\",\"area_names\":[\"Asia\",\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\" King Alyattes\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1831,"name":"Quran","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"The Quran (\/k\u028ar\u02c8\u0251\u02d0n\/, kuurr-AHN;[i] Arabic: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646 al-Qur\u02be\u0101n [alqur\u02c8\u0294a\u02d0n], 'the recitation'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation from God. It is organized in 114 chapters (pl.: \u0633\u0648\u0631 suwar, sing.: \u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 s\u016brah), which consist of verses (pl.: \u0622\u064a\u0627\u062a \u02be\u0101y\u0101t, sing.: \u0622\u064a\u0629 \u02be\u0101yah, cons.: \u02be\u0101yat). In addition to its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in Arabic literature, and has significantly influenced the Arabic language.\n\nMuslims believe that the Quran was orally revealed by God to the final prophet, Muhammad, through the archangel Gabriel incrementally over a period of some 23 years, beginning in the month of Ramadan, when Muhammad was 40; and concluding in 632, the year of his death. Muslims regard the Quran as Muhammad's most important miracle; a proof of his prophethood; and the culmination of a series of divine messages starting with those revealed to Adam, including the Torah, the Psalms and the Gospel. The word Quran occurs some 70 times in the text itself, and other names and words are also said to refer to the Quran","extension":0,"authorable_id":24819,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-610,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec28JVskwjQw5VE5","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:56","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":74371,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"-610\",\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Muhammad\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1744,"name":"Nebuchadnezzar II Reigns Babylon (Asia: Middle East)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24732,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-605,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recRekydLmSBOiXoJ","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:32","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73830,"misc":"{\"end_year\":-562,\"start_year\":-605,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"King Nebuchadnezzar II \",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1632,"name":"Library","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"~7th c. BCE: Oldest known library, founded for the \"royal contemplation\" of the Assyrian ruler Ashurbanipal Approximately 30,000 cuneiform tablets organized by subject, including works of literature such as the Epic of Gilgamesh. \n\n325 BCE  - 270 CE: Library of Alexandria, around 1\/2 million scrolls covering all areas of knowledge. Largest and most significant library of the ancient world. \n\n220-159 BCE: Library of Pergamum, built by Eumenes II, it rivaled the Library of Alexandria and contained some 200,000 scrolls. \n\n762-1258 CE: House of Wisdom founded by caliph al-Mansur, developed into a major Abbasid intellectual center. It was sacked during the Siege of Baghdad by Mongol forces; legend has it that so many books were thrown into the Tigris River that it turned black with ink. \n\n1452 CE: Library of Malatesta Novello in Cesena, Italy, considered first public library. \n\n2022 CE: British National Library (est. 170-200 million items) and Library of Congress (est. 170 million items) are ranked as the world's largest libraries.  ","extension":0,"authorable_id":24620,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-600,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recU789k53TMeqaIi","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:07:20","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":72159,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"-600\",\"area_names\":[\"Europe\",\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Medieval\",\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Ashurbanipal, Eumenes II\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1134,"name":"Fall of Jerusalem (Asia: Middle East)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24122,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-589,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recll5E8fxOzlUGDH","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:34","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69084,"misc":"{\"end_year\":-587,\"start_year\":-589,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Nebuchadnezzar II \",\"themes\":[\"Global Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1135,"name":"Development of Confucianism and Taoism (Asia: China)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24123,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-551,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec6Ygxcx2cT0WkBd","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:34","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69086,"misc":"{\"end_year\":-479,\"start_year\":-551,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":1,\"people\":\"Confucius; Lao-Tzu and the Buddha\",\"themes\":[\"Information Literacy\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"AP\",\"Big History\",\"WHP\"]}"},{"id":1745,"name":"Fall of Babylon (Asia: Middle East)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24733,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-539,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recLe8w3PHazRuaRh","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:32","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73831,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":-539,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Cyrus of Persia\",\"themes\":[\"Global Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1822,"name":"Cyrus Cylinder","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"539 BCE: Cyrus the Great, after conquering the city of Babylon, did something totally unexpected\u2014he freed all slaves to return home. Moreover, he declared people should choose their own religion. The Cyrus Cylinder, a clay tablet containing his statements, is the first human rights declaration in history.","extension":0,"authorable_id":24810,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-539,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recyzwakrEzikuCUF","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:56","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":74362,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"-539\",\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Cyrus the Great\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1245,"name":"Persia Conquers Indus Valley (Asia: Middle East)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24233,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-530,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec2EfM6y4r21tI5F","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:37","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69306,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":-530,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":1,\"people\":null,\"themes\":[\"Global Literacy\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"AP\"]}"},{"id":1820,"name":"The Art of War","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24808,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-510,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recuSzFbtKXoILWbz","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:56","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":74360,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"-510\",\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Sun Tzu\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1830,"name":"The Five Classics and Four Books","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"The Five Classics (wujing) and Four Books (si shu) collectively create the foundation of Confucianism. The Five Classics and Four Books were the basis of the civil examination in imperial China and can be considered the Confucian canon. The Five Classics consists of the Book of Odes, Book of Documents, Book of Changes, Book of Rites, and the Spring and Autumn Annals. The Four Books are comprised of the Doctrine of the Mean, the Great Learning, Mencius, and the Analects. From the Han to the early Song, the Five Classics grew into thirteen classics. In the early Song, however, scholars focused on the original Five Classics again. By the mid-Song, however, the Analects, Mencius, Great Learning, and Doctrine of the Mean began gaining importance and by the early fourteenth century, the Four Book were the texts for the civil examinations.","extension":0,"authorable_id":24818,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-500,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"reclxy7SP71RTjfdO","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:56","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":74370,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"-500\",\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\" Zhu Xi, Confucius, Zisi\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1469,"name":"Jin State Partition and Warring States (Asia: 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The Bible is an anthology\u2014a compilation of texts of a variety of forms\u2014originally written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Koine Greek. These texts include instructions, stories, poetry, and prophesies, among other genres. The collection of materials that are accepted as part of the Bible by a particular religious tradition or community is called a biblical canon. Believers in the Bible generally consider it to be a product of divine inspiration, while understanding what that means in different ways. 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books burned and scholars buried alive that did not line up with the Emperor's legalistic philosophy \",\"themes\":[\"Information Literacy\",\"Civic Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1473,"name":"Conspiracy and Puppet Emperor (Asia: China)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24461,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-210,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recmJMyZ32KpK5zS3","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:41","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69762,"misc":"{\"end_year\":-207,\"start_year\":-210,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Qin Er Shi, Zhao Gao\",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1275,"name":"Fall of the Qin Dynasty (Asia: China)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24263,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-206,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"reczj0sLXmLJcKzt7","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:38","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69366,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":-206,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":1,\"people\":\"Liu Bang => Emperor Gaozu, Ziiying, Liu Bang\",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"AP\"]}"},{"id":1634,"name":"Compass","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"200 BCE: likely invented by the Chinese, possibly for spiritual purposes. Revolutionized navigation.\n\n1119 CE: The first reports of Song China using a redesigned magnetic compass date to 1119. The Song refine the design of the magnetic compass to use a smaller needle which is attached to a fixed stem. It is key to Song ocean travel.","extension":0,"authorable_id":24622,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-200,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recF9TKEPh2QezzFA","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:07:20","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":72163,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"-200\",\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Chinese\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1689,"name":"Brihadratha Maurya Rules (Asia: India) ","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24677,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-187,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"reccpoNtCYcZMJPZq","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:15:39","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73488,"misc":"{\"end_year\":-185,\"start_year\":-187,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":1,\"people\":\"Brihadratha Maurya\",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"AP\"]}"},{"id":1264,"name":" Indo-Greek Kingdom Established (Asia: Middle East\/India)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24252,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-180,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recUn9AZhF4VVkIrQ","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:37","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69344,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":-180,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"King Demetrius\",\"themes\":[\"Global Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1276,"name":"Han Dynasty Reestablishes Control (Asia: China)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24264,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-180,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recIy3oQ8MUVptrG0","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:38","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69368,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":-180,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":1,\"people\":\"Emperor Wen, L\\u00fc Zhi clan\",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"AP\",\"WHP\"]}"},{"id":1615,"name":"Confucianism Becomes China's State Ideology (Asia: China)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24603,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-141,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec4rjVwQyvHNZuqe","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:43","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":70046,"misc":"{\"end_year\":-87,\"start_year\":-141,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Emperor Wu Di\",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"WHP\"]}"},{"id":1110,"name":"Silk Road Opens to the West (Asia: China)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24098,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-130,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHrLYDf9Skgaqvs","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:34","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69036,"misc":"{\"end_year\":1453,\"start_year\":-130,\"area_names\":[\"Africa\",\"Asia\",\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":1,\"people\":\"Zhang Qian, Marco Polo\",\"themes\":[\"Global Literacy\",\"Information Literacy\",\"Technology\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"AP\",\"Big History\",\"WHP\"]}"},{"id":1690,"name":"Han Imperial Expansion (Asia: China) ","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24678,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-101,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec0LCu1rNzGv6mVd","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:15:39","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73490,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":-101,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":1,\"people\":\"Emperor Wudi\",\"themes\":[\"Global Literacy\",\"Technology\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"AP\"]}"},{"id":1829,"name":"Tipitaka","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"Pali canon, also called Tipitaka (Pali: \u201cTriple Basket\u201d) or Tripitaka (Sanskrit), the complete canon, first recorded in Pali, of the Theravada (\u201cWay of the Elders\u201d) branch of Buddhism. The schools of the Mahayana (\u201cGreater Vehicle\u201d) branch also revere it yet hold as scripture additional writings (in Sanskrit, Chinese, Tibetan, and other languages) that are not accepted as canonical by Theravada Buddhists. It is thought to be the oldest complete canon within Buddhism.\n\nAs expressed in the Buddha's Four Noble Truths, the goal of Buddhism is to overcome suffering (du\u1e25kha) caused by desire and ignorance of reality's true nature, including impermanence (anicca) and the non-existence of the self (anatt\u0101).Most Buddhist traditions emphasize transcending the individual self through the attainment of Nirvana or by following the path of Buddhahood, ending the cycle of death and rebirth.\n\n\nBuddhism has had a profound influence on various cultures, especially in Asia. Buddhist philosophy, Buddhist art, Buddhist architecture, Buddhist cuisine and Buddhist festivals continue to be influential elements of the modern Culture of Asia, especially in East Asia and the Sinosphere as well as in Southeast Asia and the Indosphere.\n\nIt is the world's fourth-largest religion, with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists. Recently, Buddhist meditation practices have influenced the development of modern psychology, particularly the practice of Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and other similar mindfulness based modalities.[670][671] The influence of Buddhism on psychology can also be seen in certain forms of modern psychoanalysis.","extension":0,"authorable_id":24817,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":-100,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recuh4uwPXLrStmwn","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:56","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":74369,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"-100\",\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Gautama Buddha\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1614,"name":"Oldest Census Conducted (Asia: China)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24602,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":2,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec2z8pyF1X9YiAuO","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:43","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":70044,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":2,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Emperor Wudi\",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\",\"Information Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1817,"name":"Census","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"In the oldest surviving large-scale census, the Han record the number of people living in their empire. The census shows over 250,000 living in the capital of Chang'an.","extension":0,"authorable_id":24805,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":2,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHK8oewAPKarSLq","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:56","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":74357,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"2\",\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1277,"name":"Xin Dynasty Established (Asia: China)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24265,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":8,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recnWpqoZ5ViohFJR","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:38","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69370,"misc":"{\"end_year\":23,\"start_year\":8,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":1,\"people\":\"Wang Mang\",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"AP\"]}"},{"id":1278,"name":"Han Dynasty Reestablished (Asia: China)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24266,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":23,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"reclSIr8UNBqGq9VW","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:38","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69372,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":23,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":1,\"people\":\"Liu Xiu, Wang Mang\",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"AP\",\"WHP\"]}"},{"id":1773,"name":"Early Kingdoms Period (Asia: Other)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24761,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":100,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recu1GEibwxw8CLNn","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:32","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73859,"misc":"{\"end_year\":802,\"start_year\":100,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Medieval\",\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1636,"name":"Paper","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"The eunuch Cai Lun develops a method of making paper by dipping a screen into a pulp of rice, straw, and tree bark, and pressing and drying the pulpy residue. During Han times, paper is used mainly to wrap fish, not for written documents.","extension":0,"authorable_id":24624,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":105,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recl5YOzxlJ2miPnW","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:07:20","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":72167,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"105\",\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Cai Lun\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1279,"name":"End of Han Dynasty (Asia: China)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24267,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":220,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recmChUx4EExDDkNg","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:38","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69374,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":220,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":1,\"people\":\"Liu Xie\",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"AP\",\"WHP\"]}"},{"id":1759,"name":"Buddhism Introduced in Tibet (Asia: Other)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24747,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":233,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1Yt0NI6qbXjPJS","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:32","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73845,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":233,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1265,"name":"Gupta Kingdom Transformed into an Empire (Asia: India)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24253,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":319,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recXcwMzJquDt46Ir","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:37","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69346,"misc":"{\"end_year\":335,\"start_year\":319,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":1,\"people\":\"Chandragupta I, Kumaradevi\",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"AP\",\"WHP\"]}"},{"id":1266,"name":"Gupta Dynasty Conquers 20 Kingdoms (Asia: India)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24254,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":335,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recSX4kgCB49ziKOD","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:37","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69348,"misc":"{\"end_year\":380,\"start_year\":335,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":1,\"people\":\"Samudragupta, Chandragupta I's son - known as the \\\"Indian Napoleon\\\"\",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"AP\"]}"},{"id":1474,"name":"Gupta Art and Architecture Flourish (Asia: India)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24462,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":380,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recVqWCmfkby4Ey6b","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:41","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69764,"misc":"{\"end_year\":415,\"start_year\":380,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Chandragupta II, also called Vikramaditya\",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1475,"name":"Gupta Dynasty Defeats Huns (Asia: India)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24463,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":455,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recICgtsoqJMLlRN6","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:41","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69766,"misc":"{\"end_year\":457,\"start_year\":455,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Emperor Skandagupta Kramaditya\",\"themes\":[\"Global Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1476,"name":"Gupta Dynasty Builds Bhitargaon Temple (Asia: India)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24464,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":480,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recOM0Kkh10v5wE1Y","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:41","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69768,"misc":"{\"end_year\":500,\"start_year\":480,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":[\"Information Literacy\",\"Civic Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1477,"name":"Hun Invasion of Western and Central India (Asia: India)","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24465,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":2,"std_time":484,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recjFFY0npnzaCsTr","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:41","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69770,"misc":"{\"end_year\":510,\"start_year\":484,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\",\"Medieval\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Gupta general Goparaja \",\"themes\":[\"Global Literacy\"]}"}],"4":[{"id":1625,"name":"Sailboat","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"~ 8200 BCE: Sailboats are the earliest use of wind power.\n\nHomo erectus has likely been using watercraft to travel for over a million years. Evidence such as the early settlement of Australia 40,000 BCE demonstrate that boats were used in pre-historic times. The oldest boat we have found, the Pesse canoe, was excavated in the Netherlands and dates between 8200 and 7600 BCE.\n\nAround 4000 BC, Egyptians assembled a simple rigging system and suspended a piece of cloth in the air to pull basic log boats along rivers. These vessels were long and narrow, and their simple rigging was difficult to control. However, the Egyptians had discovered that wind could do the work instead of oars.\n\nBy 3000 BC, the idea had spread extensively in the region, and sailboat design became more advanced. Most sailing still took place inland, and square sails became common throughout the ancient world. \n\nThe Vikings were famous for developing hardy and seaworthy craft crewed by rowers and equipped with sails. The Vikings sailed extensively and settled many places with their vessels. After this point, sailboat development remained roughly the same until the 1400s\n\nPolynesian navigation was used for thousands of years to enable long voyages across thousands of kilometers of the open Pacific Ocean. Polynesians made contact with nearly every island within the vast Polynesian Triangle, using outrigger canoes or double-hulled canoes. The double-hulled canoes were two large hulls, equal in length, and lashed side by side. The space between the paralleled canoes allowed for storage of food, hunting materials, and nets when embarking on long voyages. Polynesian navigators used way-finding techniques such as the navigation by the stars, and observations of birds, ocean swells, and wind patterns, and relied on a large body of knowledge from oral tradition.","extension":0,"authorable_id":24613,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":4,"std_time":-8200,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recPllTd2Z3WLKkCZ","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:07:20","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":72145,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"-8200\",\"area_names\":[\"Europe\",\"Oceania\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Ancient Europeans\\\/Oceanic Peoples\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1681,"name":"Shell Money","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"Shell money, a medium of exchange consisting of shells, was the most widely distributed type of ancient currency. Shells are particularly useful as money because they may be strung in long strips of proportionate value or they may be used to provide a single unit value in exchange. Shells ultimately derived their value from their use as jewelry and in rituals. Relative scarcity of the type of shell used or the way the shell is fashioned often determines its value. Cowrie shells have been the most common shell media and are probably the oldest in usage for exchange. Wampum, used in North America, was usually fashioned from thick-shelled clams; dentalia, or tooth shells, were popular with the coastal Native Americans of W North America. Mother-of-pearl and tortoiseshell are said to have been used for trade in ancient China. Oceanic peoples in particular use a variety of shells in trade.","extension":0,"authorable_id":24669,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":4,"std_time":-1200,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recOcSa3GBdlPXyk0","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:07:21","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":72257,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"-1200\",\"area_names\":[\"Americas\",\"Asia\",\"Oceania\",\"Africa\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\",\"Medieval\",\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1605,"name":"Settlement of Hawaiian Islands","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24593,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":4,"std_time":400,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recxOkHbHvV8FXU0Z","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:43","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":70026,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":400,\"area_names\":[\"Oceania\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Polynesians from the Marquesas Islands\",\"themes\":[\"Global Literacy\"]}"}],"3":[{"id":1809,"name":"Fosna Culture","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24797,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":3,"std_time":-8000,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recrW4K0SKkbWUg8I","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:32","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73895,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":-8000,\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":[\"Environmental Literacy\\\/Sustainability\"]}"},{"id":1779,"name":"First Settlements at Byblos","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24767,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":3,"std_time":-7000,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"reck6NjGyBjgDmn1K","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:32","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73865,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":-7000,\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":[\"Environmental Literacy\\\/Sustainability\"]}"},{"id":1460,"name":"Hierarchical Societies Emerge ","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24448,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":3,"std_time":-5000,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recftyswMMX0LQJNc","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:41","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69736,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":-5000,\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"Big History\"]}"},{"id":1461,"name":"Megalithic Structures and Tombs in Europe","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24449,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":3,"std_time":-4500,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recAzVJns1Ey3iHXs","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:41","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69738,"misc":"{\"end_year\":-1500,\"start_year\":-4500,\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\",\"Technology\"]}"},{"id":1780,"name":"Trade Between Byblos and Egypt ","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24768,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":3,"std_time":-4000,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recmmF6GadZQCwVWz","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:32","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73866,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":-4000,\"area_names\":[\"Europe\",\"Africa\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":[\"Global Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1628,"name":"Stonehenge","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument on Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England. It consists of an outer ring of vertical sarsen standing stones, each around 13 feet (4.0 m) high, seven feet (2.1 m) wide, and weighing around 25 tons, topped by connecting horizontal lintel stones. Inside is a ring of smaller bluestones. Inside these are free-standing trilithons, two bulkier vertical Sarsens joined by one lintel. The whole monument, now ruinous, is orientated towards the sunrise on the summer solstice. The stones are set within earthworks in the middle of the most dense complex of Neolithic and Bronze Age monuments in England, including several hundred tumuli (burial mounds).","extension":0,"authorable_id":24616,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":3,"std_time":-3100,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recMdfHTXolDHmFWi","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:07:20","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":72151,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"-3100\",\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Windmill Hill people, Beaker people, Wessex peoples\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1781,"name":"Foundation of Tyre","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24769,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":3,"std_time":-2750,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recIN5JoSM08RP7BK","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:32","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73867,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":-2750,\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1782,"name":"Amorite Conquest of Byblos","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24770,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":3,"std_time":-2100,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recS1p5kQnyfdDuCt","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:32","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73868,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":-2100,\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":[\"Global Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1232,"name":"Phaistos Culture","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24220,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":3,"std_time":-2000,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recu9a9ZZH7FwHoFx","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:37","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69280,"misc":"{\"end_year\":-1400,\"start_year\":-2000,\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"King Knossos, \\\"first link in the European chain\\\"\",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\",\"Information Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1233,"name":"Introduction of Linear A Script ","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24221,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":3,"std_time":-1800,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec3PIV6Kr0iw4Iav","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:37","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69282,"misc":"{\"end_year\":-1450,\"start_year\":-1800,\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":[\"Technology\"]}"},{"id":1815,"name":"Mathematics","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"Babylonian Mathematical Tables (1700 BCE), Mathematics in Ancient Greece (Pythagoras, 580 - 495 BCE)","extension":0,"authorable_id":24803,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":3,"std_time":-1700,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recy7gyjx7aOvWkAF","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:56","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":74355,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"-1700\",\"area_names\":[\"Europe\",\"Africa\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1255,"name":"Mycenaean Period","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24243,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":3,"std_time":-1600,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"reccqpUPgdsWvp1EG","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:37","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69326,"misc":"{\"end_year\":-1100,\"start_year\":-1600,\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":1,\"people\":null,\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\",\"Information Literacy\",\"Technology\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"AP\"]}"},{"id":1630,"name":"Phaistos Disk","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"The Phaistos Disk is a disk of fired clay from the Minoan palace of Phaistos on the island of Crete, possibly dating to the middle or late Minoan Bronze Age (second millennium BC). The disk is about 15 cm (5.9 in) in diameter and covered on both sides with a spiral of stamped symbols. \n\nThe Disk's inscription was likely made by pressing hieroglyphic \"seals\" into the soft clay, in a clockwise sequence spiraling toward the center of the disk. The unique character of the Phaistos Disc stems from the fact that the entire text was inscribed in this way, reproducing a body of text with reusable characters.\n\nThe German typesetter and linguist Herbert Brekle argues that the Phaistos Disk is an early document of movable type printing, since it meets the essential criterion of typographic printing. 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Usually considered to have been written down circa the 8th century BC, the Iliad is among the oldest extant works of Western literature, along with the Odyssey, another epic poem attributed to Homer, which tells of Odysseus's experiences after the events of the Iliad.In the modern vulgate (the standard accepted version), the Iliad contains 15,693 lines, divided into 24 books; it is written in Homeric Greek, a literary amalgam of Ionic Greek and other dialects. It is usually grouped in the Epic Cycle.\n\nSet during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy (Ilium) by a coalition of Mycenaean Greek states (Achaeans), it tells of the battles and events during the weeks of a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles","extension":0,"authorable_id":24828,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":67,"std_year":3,"std_time":-700,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recInYoffFDQ1tAsZ","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:56","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":74380,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"-700\",\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Ancient\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Homer\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1257,"name":"Rise of the Greek 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Stanley Whittingham, and Akira Yoshino, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for their development of lithium-ion batteries","extension":0,"authorable_id":24634,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1799,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rectAQhkblcCuDJqy","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:07:20","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":72187,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"1799\",\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Alessandro Volta\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1207,"name":"Napoleonic Wars","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24195,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1803,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recx6cziWcW9OdtZE","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:36","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69230,"misc":"{\"end_year\":1815,\"start_year\":1803,\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Napoleon I\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1619,"name":"First Railway Journey","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24607,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1804,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recNyRdxk9CDdvzH3","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:43","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":70054,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":1804,\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Richard Trevithick\",\"themes\":[\"Technology\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"WHP 1200-P\",\"WHP 1750-P\"]}"},{"id":1647,"name":"Steam Powered Train ","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"1804 CE:  invented by Richard Trevithick; beginning of the age of railways","extension":0,"authorable_id":24635,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1804,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recjCUtJ0keRXsLYd","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:07:20","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":72189,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"1804\",\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Richard Trevithick\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1113,"name":"Year Without A Summer ","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24101,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1816,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recOmcuozsKMuoRRZ","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:34","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69042,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":1816,\"area_names\":[\"Asia\",\"Americas\",\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":[\"Environmental Literacy\\\/Sustainability\"]}"},{"id":1622,"name":"First Large Scale Railways","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24610,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1821,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recKx69ScEVeWkMoP","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:43","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":70060,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":1821,\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"George Stephenson \\\"Father of Railways\\\"\",\"themes\":[\"Technology\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"WHP 1750-P\"]}"},{"id":1684,"name":"French Abolition of Slave Trade Takes Effect","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24672,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1826,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHmmCsGB7dLLzBI","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:15:39","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":73478,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":1826,\"area_names\":[\"Africa\",\"Asia\",\"Americas\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":[\"Global Literacy\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"WHP 1200-P\",\"WHP 1750-P\"]}"},{"id":1670,"name":"Computer ","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"1833 CE: Charles Babbage, considered the \"father of the computer\" conceptualized and built the first mechanical computer. The project was too ambitious for its time and lost funding from the British government. \n\n1939: John Vincent Atanasoff, an American physicist and inventor, is credited with inventing the first electronic digital computer.\n\n2018: The Summit supercomputer, built by IBM for the U.S. Department of Energy\u2019s Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, is unveiled. It occupies the equivalent of two basketball courts and achieves an impressive 148.6 petaflops thanks to its 2.41 million cores.","extension":0,"authorable_id":24658,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1833,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recjWUMhDJB37lxQ3","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:07:21","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":72235,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"1833\",\"area_names\":[\"Europe\",\"Americas\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\",\"Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Charles Babbage, John Vincent Atanasoff\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1826,"name":"The Communist Manifesto","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"Pamphlet by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Commissioned by the Communist League and originally published in London just as the Revolutions of 1848 began to erupt, the Manifesto was later recognized as one of the world's most influential political documents. It presents an analytical approach to the class struggle (historical and then-present) and the conflicts of capitalism and the capitalist mode of production, rather than a prediction of communism's potential future forms.\n\nThe Communist Manifesto summarizes Marx and Engels' theories concerning the nature of society and politics, namely that in their own words \"[t]he history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles\". It also briefly features their ideas for how the capitalist society of the time would eventually be replaced by socialism. In the last paragraph of the Manifesto, the authors call for a \"forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions\", which served as a call for communist revolutions around the world.","extension":0,"authorable_id":24814,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1848,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recmKoZwSwbYPnKfH","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:56","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":74366,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"1848\",\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1541,"name":"Crimean War ","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24529,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1853,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"receOzqE2OkI12vlE","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:42","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69898,"misc":"{\"end_year\":1856,\"start_year\":1853,\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":null,\"themes\":[\"Global Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1363,"name":"Discovery of Industrial Steel","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24351,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1855,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec4wrTdKMEa6WAPk","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:39","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69542,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":1855,\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Henry Bessemer \",\"themes\":[\"Technology\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"Big History\",\"WHP 1200-P\",\"WHP 1750-P\"]}"},{"id":1672,"name":"Automobile","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"This question does not have a straightforward answer. The history of the automobile is very rich and dates back to the 15th century when Leonardo da Vinci was creating designs and models for transport vehicles.\n\nThere are many different types of automobiles \u2013 steam, electric, and gasoline \u2013 as well as countless styles. Exactly who invented the automobile is a matter of opinion.   Earlier accounts give credit to Karl Benz, from Germany, for creating the first true (gasoline powered)automobile. \n\n","extension":0,"authorable_id":24660,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1855,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recfdfnehtePEQP0P","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:07:21","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":72239,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"1855\",\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Karl Benz\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1649,"name":"Genetics","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"1856 - 1865 CE: While the history of genetics begins with contributions from Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Aristotle and Epicurus, among others, modern genetics began with the research of Augustinian friar Gregor Johann Mendel. His work concerning inheritance in pea plants introduced the theory Mendelian inheritance and was published in 1866. \n\n1953 CE: James D. Watson and Francis Crick demonstrate the molecular structure of DNA. \n\n1997: Dolly the Sheep is cloned by Ian Wilmut and his team at the Roslin Institute in Scotland. \n","extension":0,"authorable_id":24637,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1856,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"reckYHoI5MD0UF3Nb","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:07:20","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":72193,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"1856\",\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Gregor Josef Mendel, James Watson, Francis Crick\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1676,"name":"Industrial Steel","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"Bessemer process, the first method discovered for mass-producing steel. Though named after Sir Henry Bessemer of England, the process evolved from the contributions of many investigators before it could be used on a broad commercial basis. \n\nIt was apparently conceived independently and almost concurrently by Bessemer and by William Kelly of the United States. As early as 1847, Kelly, a businessman-scientist of Pittsburgh, began experiments aimed at developing a revolutionary means of removing impurities from pig iron by an air blast. Kelly theorized that not only would the air, injected into the molten iron, supply oxygen to react with the impurities, converting them into oxides separable as slag, but that the heat evolved in these reactions would increase the temperature of the mass, keeping it from solidifying during the operation. After several failures, he succeeded in proving his theory and rapidly producing steel ingots.\n\nIn 1856 Bessemer, working independently in Sheffield, developed and patented the same process. Whereas Kelly had been unable to perfect the process owing to a lack of financial resources, Bessemer was able to develop it into a commercial success. ","extension":0,"authorable_id":24664,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1856,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recZKyu2wcCehMljT","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:07:21","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":72247,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"1856\",\"area_names\":[\"Europe\",\"Americas\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\" Sir Henry Bessemer\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1825,"name":"On the Origin of Species ","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"1859 CE: Charles Darwin publishes \"On the Origin of Species.\" The book was radical for its time as it challenged popular notions of divine creation. Darwin's concepts of 'natural selection' opened the way for more scientific breakthroughs and new understandings of the natural world.\n\nThis book would become a founding text for the work of modern geneticists. ","extension":0,"authorable_id":24813,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1859,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec5VB5oHxXcnGnsd","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:56","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":74365,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"1859\",\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Charles Darwin\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1542,"name":"Russia Abolishes Serfdom ","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24530,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1861,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"reczZG3DL47NBxm64","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:42","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69900,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":1861,\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Czar Alexander II\",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"]}"},{"id":1623,"name":"Internal Combustion Engine Invented ","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24611,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1861,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"reccOEkSGCiLGvTsz","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:43","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":70062,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":1861,\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Nicolaus Otto\",\"themes\":[\"Technology\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"WHP 1200-P\",\"WHP 1750-P\"]}"},{"id":1354,"name":"Creation of the German Empire ","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24342,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1862,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recGva7WrscBhJwB4","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:39","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":69524,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":1862,\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Kaiser Wilhelm I\",\"themes\":[\"Civic Literacy\"],\"course_mapping\":[\"WHP 1750-P\"]}"},{"id":1833,"name":"The Interpretation of Dreams","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"The Interpretation of Dreams (German: Die Traumdeutung) is an 1899 book by Sigmund Freud, the founder of psychoanalysis, in which the author introduces his theory of the unconscious with respect to dream interpretation, and discusses what would later become the theory of the Oedipus complex. Freud revised the book at least eight times and, in the third edition, added an extensive section which treated dream symbolism very literally, following the influence of Wilhelm Stekel. Freud said of this work, \"Insight such as this falls to one's lot but once in a lifetime.\"","extension":0,"authorable_id":24821,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1899,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recM5lD6jIG0TwYty","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-06-09 02:38:56","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":74373,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"1899\",\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Sigmund Freud\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1679,"name":"Nitrogen Fixation","given":null,"asked":null,"can":"In 1905 Haber, also the father of chemical weapons, reached an objective long sought by chemists\u2014that of fixing nitrogen from air. Atmospheric nitrogen, or nitrogen gas, is relatively inert and does not easily react with other chemicals to form new compounds. Using high pressure and a catalyst, Haber was able to directly react nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas to create ammonia. His process was soon scaled up by BASF\u2019s great chemist and engineer Carl Bosch and became known as the Haber-Bosch process, considered by many as one of the most important technological advances of the 20th century. Haber  won a Nobel Prize for his development of the ammonia-synthesis process, a breakthrough that enabled mass production of agricultural fertilizers and led to a massive increase in growth of crops for human consumption (central to the Green Revolution).  ","extension":0,"authorable_id":24667,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":null,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1905,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recibEtC11dIvl6j5","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:07:21","update_time":null,"notes":null,"inheritable_id":72253,"misc":"{\"end_year\":null,\"start_year\":\"1905\",\"area_names\":[\"Europe\"],\"epoch_names\":[\"Pre-Modern\"],\"ap\":0,\"people\":\"Fritz Haber\",\"themes\":null}"},{"id":1417,"name":"Beginning of World War I","given":null,"asked":null,"can":null,"extension":0,"authorable_id":24405,"std_identifier":null,"is_standard":1,"source_id":null,"level_id":69,"std_year":3,"std_time":1914,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recyANUcsFo6McL4e","synctime":null,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 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","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24072,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rech3R8IxFI7Wvzoc","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68926,"thread_id":1083,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"Vladimir Putin Elected President","standard_id":1550,"std_year":3},{"id":152,"identifier":"The past is present (and often future).","name":"Continuity","description":"Historical events are not punctuated, unrelated moments in time, but ongoing processes. Historical events are profoundly interrelated and influence each other in ways that can be both foreseeable or unknown. Events and ideologies from centuries ago can still influence human thought, practices and cultures. 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Cultural relativism is the concept that different groups of people do things differently and these differences in practices, beliefs, social structure and the like do not necessarily make these peoples inferior, less-advanced, less intelligent or \u201csavage.\u201d Nevertheless, it is key to balance arguments of cultural relativism with conceptions of individual freedom, well-being and decency.  There are standards with which we can assess the decency (or cruelty) of human practices and degrees of suffering or destructiveness. Cultural diversity and richness is wonderful, but not anything goes","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24067,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recZQHNYbgkyLvEVt","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68921,"thread_id":1078,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"First Babylonian Code of Law (Asia: Middle East)","standard_id":1738,"std_year":2},{"id":147,"identifier":"Just because it\u2019s different doesn\u2019t make it right or wrong\u2026","name":"Cultural Relativism","description":"However, it is never right to forcibly inflict pain on any being. 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Cultural diversity and richness is wonderful, but not anything goes","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24067,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recZQHNYbgkyLvEVt","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68921,"thread_id":1078,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"I-Ching (Book of Changes)","standard_id":1841,"std_year":2},{"id":147,"identifier":"Just because it\u2019s different doesn\u2019t make it right or wrong\u2026","name":"Cultural Relativism","description":"However, it is never right to forcibly inflict pain on any being. Cultural relativism is the concept that different groups of people do things differently and these differences in practices, beliefs, social structure and the like do not necessarily make these peoples inferior, less-advanced, less intelligent or \u201csavage.\u201d Nevertheless, it is key to balance arguments of cultural relativism with conceptions of individual freedom, well-being and decency.  There are standards with which we can assess the decency (or cruelty) of human practices and degrees of suffering or destructiveness. Cultural diversity and richness is wonderful, but not anything goes","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24067,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recZQHNYbgkyLvEVt","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68921,"thread_id":1078,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"The Mandate of Heaven (Asia: China)","standard_id":1719,"std_year":2},{"id":147,"identifier":"Just because it\u2019s different doesn\u2019t make it right or wrong\u2026","name":"Cultural Relativism","description":"However, it is never right to forcibly inflict pain on any being. Cultural relativism is the concept that different groups of people do things differently and these differences in practices, beliefs, social structure and the like do not necessarily make these peoples inferior, less-advanced, less intelligent or \u201csavage.\u201d Nevertheless, it is key to balance arguments of cultural relativism with conceptions of individual freedom, well-being and decency.  There are standards with which we can assess the decency (or cruelty) of human practices and degrees of suffering or destructiveness. Cultural diversity and richness is wonderful, but not anything goes","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24067,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recZQHNYbgkyLvEVt","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68921,"thread_id":1078,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"Chinese Revolution (Asia: China)","standard_id":1162,"std_year":2}],"Cyclicality ":[{"id":128,"identifier":"History doesn\u2019t repeat itself, but it rhymes.","name":"Cyclicality ","description":"Not only is human history not a clear line towards an ideal state, there is a nagging trope that our \"history repeats itself.\" There is truth to this trope, as humans do tend to repeat many of the same mistakes for various reasons (e.g. loss of knowledge, similar circumstances or lack of resources, past motivation or vengeance) or engage in the same destructive behaviors, practices or belief systems. \n\nHowever, this is not a rule.\n\n1. (imperfect repetition = similarity)\n2. History does not have to repeat itself.  History repeating itself is a product of human vulnerability, context, decency and collective learning.  Human societies have become increasingly complex with a greater level of collaboration across the globe than any other species. One of the purposes of learning history and how to think like a historian is to avoid cyclicality and encourage innovation in our responses to future challenges. ","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24048,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec0FLvRpYVBpmFun","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68902,"thread_id":1059,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"Sargon of Akkad Creates the World's First Empire (Asia: Middle East)","standard_id":1724,"std_year":2},{"id":128,"identifier":"History doesn\u2019t repeat itself, but it rhymes.","name":"Cyclicality ","description":"Not only is human history not a clear line towards an ideal state, there is a nagging trope that our \"history repeats itself.\" There is truth to this trope, as humans do tend to repeat many of the same mistakes for various reasons (e.g. loss of knowledge, similar circumstances or lack of resources, past motivation or vengeance) or engage in the same destructive behaviors, practices or belief systems. \n\nHowever, this is not a rule.\n\n1. (imperfect repetition = similarity)\n2. History does not have to repeat itself.  History repeating itself is a product of human vulnerability, context, decency and collective learning.  Human societies have become increasingly complex with a greater level of collaboration across the globe than any other species. One of the purposes of learning history and how to think like a historian is to avoid cyclicality and encourage innovation in our responses to future challenges. ","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24048,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec0FLvRpYVBpmFun","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68902,"thread_id":1059,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"Amorite Dynasty Established (Asia: Middle East)","standard_id":1740,"std_year":2},{"id":128,"identifier":"History doesn\u2019t repeat itself, but it rhymes.","name":"Cyclicality ","description":"Not only is human history not a clear line towards an ideal state, there is a nagging trope that our \"history repeats itself.\" There is truth to this trope, as humans do tend to repeat many of the same mistakes for various reasons (e.g. loss of knowledge, similar circumstances or lack of resources, past motivation or vengeance) or engage in the same destructive behaviors, practices or belief systems. \n\nHowever, this is not a rule.\n\n1. (imperfect repetition = similarity)\n2. History does not have to repeat itself.  History repeating itself is a product of human vulnerability, context, decency and collective learning.  Human societies have become increasingly complex with a greater level of collaboration across the globe than any other species. One of the purposes of learning history and how to think like a historian is to avoid cyclicality and encourage innovation in our responses to future challenges. ","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24048,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec0FLvRpYVBpmFun","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68902,"thread_id":1059,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"Zhou Dynasty Begins (Asia: China)","standard_id":1246,"std_year":2},{"id":128,"identifier":"History doesn\u2019t repeat itself, but it rhymes.","name":"Cyclicality ","description":"Not only is human history not a clear line towards an ideal state, there is a nagging trope that our \"history repeats itself.\" There is truth to this trope, as humans do tend to repeat many of the same mistakes for various reasons (e.g. loss of knowledge, similar circumstances or lack of resources, past motivation or vengeance) or engage in the same destructive behaviors, practices or belief systems. \n\nHowever, this is not a rule.\n\n1. (imperfect repetition = similarity)\n2. History does not have to repeat itself.  History repeating itself is a product of human vulnerability, context, decency and collective learning.  Human societies have become increasingly complex with a greater level of collaboration across the globe than any other species. One of the purposes of learning history and how to think like a historian is to avoid cyclicality and encourage innovation in our responses to future challenges. ","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24048,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec0FLvRpYVBpmFun","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68902,"thread_id":1059,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"Shang Dynasty Ends (Asia: China)","standard_id":1723,"std_year":2},{"id":128,"identifier":"History doesn\u2019t repeat itself, but it rhymes.","name":"Cyclicality ","description":"Not only is human history not a clear line towards an ideal state, there is a nagging trope that our \"history repeats itself.\" There is truth to this trope, as humans do tend to repeat many of the same mistakes for various reasons (e.g. loss of knowledge, similar circumstances or lack of resources, past motivation or vengeance) or engage in the same destructive behaviors, practices or belief systems. \n\nHowever, this is not a rule.\n\n1. (imperfect repetition = similarity)\n2. History does not have to repeat itself.  History repeating itself is a product of human vulnerability, context, decency and collective learning.  Human societies have become increasingly complex with a greater level of collaboration across the globe than any other species. One of the purposes of learning history and how to think like a historian is to avoid cyclicality and encourage innovation in our responses to future challenges. ","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24048,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec0FLvRpYVBpmFun","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68902,"thread_id":1059,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"Birth of Mauryan Empire (Asia: India)","standard_id":1260,"std_year":2},{"id":128,"identifier":"History doesn\u2019t repeat itself, but it rhymes.","name":"Cyclicality ","description":"Not only is human history not a clear line towards an ideal state, there is a nagging trope that our \"history repeats itself.\" There is truth to this trope, as humans do tend to repeat many of the same mistakes for various reasons (e.g. loss of knowledge, similar circumstances or lack of resources, past motivation or vengeance) or engage in the same destructive behaviors, practices or belief systems. \n\nHowever, this is not a rule.\n\n1. (imperfect repetition = similarity)\n2. History does not have to repeat itself.  History repeating itself is a product of human vulnerability, context, decency and collective learning.  Human societies have become increasingly complex with a greater level of collaboration across the globe than any other species. One of the purposes of learning history and how to think like a historian is to avoid cyclicality and encourage innovation in our responses to future challenges. ","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24048,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec0FLvRpYVBpmFun","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68902,"thread_id":1059,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"Decline of Mauryan Empire (Asia: India) ","standard_id":1688,"std_year":2},{"id":128,"identifier":"History doesn\u2019t repeat itself, but it rhymes.","name":"Cyclicality ","description":"Not only is human history not a clear line towards an ideal state, there is a nagging trope that our \"history repeats itself.\" There is truth to this trope, as humans do tend to repeat many of the same mistakes for various reasons (e.g. loss of knowledge, similar circumstances or lack of resources, past motivation or vengeance) or engage in the same destructive behaviors, practices or belief systems. \n\nHowever, this is not a rule.\n\n1. (imperfect repetition = similarity)\n2. History does not have to repeat itself.  History repeating itself is a product of human vulnerability, context, decency and collective learning.  Human societies have become increasingly complex with a greater level of collaboration across the globe than any other species. One of the purposes of learning history and how to think like a historian is to avoid cyclicality and encourage innovation in our responses to future challenges. ","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24048,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec0FLvRpYVBpmFun","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68902,"thread_id":1059,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"Han Dynasty Reestablishes Control (Asia: China)","standard_id":1276,"std_year":2},{"id":128,"identifier":"History doesn\u2019t repeat itself, but it rhymes.","name":"Cyclicality ","description":"Not only is human history not a clear line towards an ideal state, there is a nagging trope that our \"history repeats itself.\" There is truth to this trope, as humans do tend to repeat many of the same mistakes for various reasons (e.g. loss of knowledge, similar circumstances or lack of resources, past motivation or vengeance) or engage in the same destructive behaviors, practices or belief systems. \n\nHowever, this is not a rule.\n\n1. (imperfect repetition = similarity)\n2. History does not have to repeat itself.  History repeating itself is a product of human vulnerability, context, decency and collective learning.  Human societies have become increasingly complex with a greater level of collaboration across the globe than any other species. One of the purposes of learning history and how to think like a historian is to avoid cyclicality and encourage innovation in our responses to future challenges. ","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24048,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec0FLvRpYVBpmFun","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68902,"thread_id":1059,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"Monarchy Reintroduced to Rome","standard_id":1253,"std_year":3},{"id":128,"identifier":"History doesn\u2019t repeat itself, but it rhymes.","name":"Cyclicality ","description":"Not only is human history not a clear line towards an ideal state, there is a nagging trope that our \"history repeats itself.\" There is truth to this trope, as humans do tend to repeat many of the same mistakes for various reasons (e.g. loss of knowledge, similar circumstances or lack of resources, past motivation or vengeance) or engage in the same destructive behaviors, practices or belief systems. \n\nHowever, this is not a rule.\n\n1. (imperfect repetition = similarity)\n2. History does not have to repeat itself.  History repeating itself is a product of human vulnerability, context, decency and collective learning.  Human societies have become increasingly complex with a greater level of collaboration across the globe than any other species. One of the purposes of learning history and how to think like a historian is to avoid cyclicality and encourage innovation in our responses to future challenges. ","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24048,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec0FLvRpYVBpmFun","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68902,"thread_id":1059,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"Xin Dynasty Established (Asia: China)","standard_id":1277,"std_year":2},{"id":128,"identifier":"History doesn\u2019t repeat itself, but it rhymes.","name":"Cyclicality ","description":"Not only is human history not a clear line towards an ideal state, there is a nagging trope that our \"history repeats itself.\" There is truth to this trope, as humans do tend to repeat many of the same mistakes for various reasons (e.g. loss of knowledge, similar circumstances or lack of resources, past motivation or vengeance) or engage in the same destructive behaviors, practices or belief systems. \n\nHowever, this is not a rule.\n\n1. (imperfect repetition = similarity)\n2. History does not have to repeat itself.  History repeating itself is a product of human vulnerability, context, decency and collective learning.  Human societies have become increasingly complex with a greater level of collaboration across the globe than any other species. One of the purposes of learning history and how to think like a historian is to avoid cyclicality and encourage innovation in our responses to future challenges. ","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24048,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec0FLvRpYVBpmFun","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68902,"thread_id":1059,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"End of Han Dynasty (Asia: China)","standard_id":1279,"std_year":2},{"id":128,"identifier":"History doesn\u2019t repeat itself, but it rhymes.","name":"Cyclicality ","description":"Not only is human history not a clear line towards an ideal state, there is a nagging trope that our \"history repeats itself.\" There is truth to this trope, as humans do tend to repeat many of the same mistakes for various reasons (e.g. loss of knowledge, similar circumstances or lack of resources, past motivation or vengeance) or engage in the same destructive behaviors, practices or belief systems. \n\nHowever, this is not a rule.\n\n1. (imperfect repetition = similarity)\n2. History does not have to repeat itself.  History repeating itself is a product of human vulnerability, context, decency and collective learning.  Human societies have become increasingly complex with a greater level of collaboration across the globe than any other species. One of the purposes of learning history and how to think like a historian is to avoid cyclicality and encourage innovation in our responses to future challenges. ","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24048,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec0FLvRpYVBpmFun","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68902,"thread_id":1059,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"Failed Revival of Paganism","standard_id":1483,"std_year":3},{"id":128,"identifier":"History doesn\u2019t repeat itself, but it rhymes.","name":"Cyclicality ","description":"Not only is human history not a clear line towards an ideal state, there is a nagging trope that our \"history repeats itself.\" There is truth to this trope, as humans do tend to repeat many of the same mistakes for various reasons (e.g. loss of knowledge, similar circumstances or lack of resources, past motivation or vengeance) or engage in the same destructive behaviors, practices or belief systems. \n\nHowever, this is not a rule.\n\n1. (imperfect repetition = similarity)\n2. History does not have to repeat itself.  History repeating itself is a product of human vulnerability, context, decency and collective learning.  Human societies have become increasingly complex with a greater level of collaboration across the globe than any other species. One of the purposes of learning history and how to think like a historian is to avoid cyclicality and encourage innovation in our responses to future challenges. ","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24048,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec0FLvRpYVBpmFun","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68902,"thread_id":1059,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"First Bubonic Plague","standard_id":1111,"std_year":2},{"id":128,"identifier":"History doesn\u2019t repeat itself, but it rhymes.","name":"Cyclicality ","description":"Not only is human history not a clear line towards an ideal state, there is a nagging trope that our \"history repeats itself.\" There is truth to this trope, as humans do tend to repeat many of the same mistakes for various reasons (e.g. loss of knowledge, similar circumstances or lack of resources, past motivation or vengeance) or engage in the same destructive behaviors, practices or belief systems. \n\nHowever, this is not a rule.\n\n1. (imperfect repetition = similarity)\n2. History does not have to repeat itself.  History repeating itself is a product of human vulnerability, context, decency and collective learning.  Human societies have become increasingly complex with a greater level of collaboration across the globe than any other species. One of the purposes of learning history and how to think like a historian is to avoid cyclicality and encourage innovation in our responses to future challenges. ","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24048,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec0FLvRpYVBpmFun","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68902,"thread_id":1059,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"End of Gupta Dynasty (Asia: India)","standard_id":1478,"std_year":2},{"id":128,"identifier":"History doesn\u2019t repeat itself, but it rhymes.","name":"Cyclicality ","description":"Not only is human history not a clear line towards an ideal state, there is a nagging trope that our \"history repeats itself.\" There is truth to this trope, as humans do tend to repeat many of the same mistakes for various reasons (e.g. loss of knowledge, similar circumstances or lack of resources, past motivation or vengeance) or engage in the same destructive behaviors, practices or belief systems. \n\nHowever, this is not a rule.\n\n1. (imperfect repetition = similarity)\n2. History does not have to repeat itself.  History repeating itself is a product of human vulnerability, context, decency and collective learning.  Human societies have become increasingly complex with a greater level of collaboration across the globe than any other species. One of the purposes of learning history and how to think like a historian is to avoid cyclicality and encourage innovation in our responses to future challenges. ","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24048,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec0FLvRpYVBpmFun","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68902,"thread_id":1059,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"Aksum Empire Declines","standard_id":1322,"std_year":0},{"id":128,"identifier":"History doesn\u2019t repeat itself, but it rhymes.","name":"Cyclicality ","description":"Not only is human history not a clear line towards an ideal state, there is a nagging trope that our \"history repeats itself.\" There is truth to this trope, as humans do tend to repeat many of the same mistakes for various reasons (e.g. loss of knowledge, similar circumstances or lack of resources, past motivation or vengeance) or engage in the same destructive behaviors, practices or belief systems. \n\nHowever, this is not a rule.\n\n1. (imperfect repetition = similarity)\n2. History does not have to repeat itself.  History repeating itself is a product of human vulnerability, context, decency and collective learning.  Human societies have become increasingly complex with a greater level of collaboration across the globe than any other species. One of the purposes of learning history and how to think like a historian is to avoid cyclicality and encourage innovation in our responses to future challenges. ","focus_year":null,"level_id":11,"only_label":null,"indents":0,"authorable_id":24048,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec0FLvRpYVBpmFun","synctime":null,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:23","update_time":null,"inheritable_id":68902,"thread_id":1059,"tagline":null,"standard_name":"Carolingian Decline","standard_id":1306,"std_year":3},{"id":128,"identifier":"History doesn\u2019t repeat itself, but it rhymes.","name":"Cyclicality ","description":"Not only is human history not a clear line towards an ideal state, there is a nagging trope that our \"history repeats itself.\" There is truth to this trope, as humans do tend to repeat many of the same mistakes for various reasons (e.g. loss of knowledge, similar circumstances or lack of resources, past motivation or vengeance) or engage in the same destructive behaviors, practices or belief systems. \n\nHowever, this is not a rule.\n\n1. (imperfect repetition = similarity)\n2. History does not have to repeat itself.  History repeating itself is a product of human vulnerability, context, decency and collective learning.  Human societies have become increasingly complex with a greater level of collaboration across the globe than any other species. One of the purposes of learning history and how to think like a historian is to avoid cyclicality and encourage innovation in our responses to future challenges. 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History does not have to repeat itself.  History repeating itself is a product of human vulnerability, context, decency and collective learning.  Human societies have become increasingly complex with a greater level of collaboration across the globe than any other species. One of the purposes of learning history and how to think like a historian is to avoid cyclicality and encourage innovation in our responses to future challenges. 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History does not have to repeat itself.  History repeating itself is a product of human vulnerability, context, decency and collective learning.  Human societies have become increasingly complex with a greater level of collaboration across the globe than any other species. One of the purposes of learning history and how to think like a historian is to avoid cyclicality and encourage innovation in our responses to future challenges. 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History does not have to repeat itself.  History repeating itself is a product of human vulnerability, context, decency and collective learning.  Human societies have become increasingly complex with a greater level of collaboration across the globe than any other species. One of the purposes of learning history and how to think like a historian is to avoid cyclicality and encourage innovation in our responses to future challenges. 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","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69013,"thread_id":1170,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recxnaCCDAH8y6Pr1","standard_name":"Organ Transplant","standard_id":1657,"std_year":1},{"id":50,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Medicine ","description":"The history of medicine shows how societies have changed in their approach to illness and disease from ancient times to the present. Early medical traditions include those of Babylon, China, Egypt and India. The Hippocratic Oath was written in ancient Greece in the 5th century BCE, and is a direct inspiration for oaths of office that physicians swear upon entry into the profession today. In the Middle Ages, surgical practices inherited from the ancient masters were improved and then systematized in Rogerius's The Practice of Surgery. Universities began systematic training of physicians around 1220 CE in Italy. \n\nInvention of the microscope was a consequence of improved understanding, during the Renaissance. Prior to the 19th century, humorism (also known as humoralism) was thought to explain the cause of disease but it was gradually replaced by the germ theory of disease, leading to effective treatments and even cures for many infectious diseases. Military doctors advanced the methods of trauma treatment and surgery. Public health measures were developed especially in the 19th century as the rapid growth of cities required systematic sanitary measures. Advanced research centers opened in the early 20th century, often connected with major hospitals. The mid-20th century was characterized by new biological treatments, such as antibiotics. These advancements, along with developments in chemistry, genetics, and radiography led to modern medicine. ","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69013,"thread_id":1170,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recxnaCCDAH8y6Pr1","standard_name":"AIDS Epidemic","standard_id":1109,"std_year":0},{"id":50,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Medicine ","description":"The history of medicine shows how societies have changed in their approach to illness and disease from ancient times to the present. Early medical traditions include those of Babylon, China, Egypt and India. The Hippocratic Oath was written in ancient Greece in the 5th century BCE, and is a direct inspiration for oaths of office that physicians swear upon entry into the profession today. In the Middle Ages, surgical practices inherited from the ancient masters were improved and then systematized in Rogerius's The Practice of Surgery. Universities began systematic training of physicians around 1220 CE in Italy. \n\nInvention of the microscope was a consequence of improved understanding, during the Renaissance. Prior to the 19th century, humorism (also known as humoralism) was thought to explain the cause of disease but it was gradually replaced by the germ theory of disease, leading to effective treatments and even cures for many infectious diseases. Military doctors advanced the methods of trauma treatment and surgery. Public health measures were developed especially in the 19th century as the rapid growth of cities required systematic sanitary measures. Advanced research centers opened in the early 20th century, often connected with major hospitals. The mid-20th century was characterized by new biological treatments, such as antibiotics. These advancements, along with developments in chemistry, genetics, and radiography led to modern medicine. ","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69013,"thread_id":1170,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recxnaCCDAH8y6Pr1","standard_name":"Human Genome Sequenced ","standard_id":1116,"std_year":1},{"id":50,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Medicine ","description":"The history of medicine shows how societies have changed in their approach to illness and disease from ancient times to the present. Early medical traditions include those of Babylon, China, Egypt and India. The Hippocratic Oath was written in ancient Greece in the 5th century BCE, and is a direct inspiration for oaths of office that physicians swear upon entry into the profession today. In the Middle Ages, surgical practices inherited from the ancient masters were improved and then systematized in Rogerius's The Practice of Surgery. Universities began systematic training of physicians around 1220 CE in Italy. \n\nInvention of the microscope was a consequence of improved understanding, during the Renaissance. Prior to the 19th century, humorism (also known as humoralism) was thought to explain the cause of disease but it was gradually replaced by the germ theory of disease, leading to effective treatments and even cures for many infectious diseases. Military doctors advanced the methods of trauma treatment and surgery. Public health measures were developed especially in the 19th century as the rapid growth of cities required systematic sanitary measures. Advanced research centers opened in the early 20th century, often connected with major hospitals. The mid-20th century was characterized by new biological treatments, such as antibiotics. These advancements, along with developments in chemistry, genetics, and radiography led to modern medicine. ","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69013,"thread_id":1170,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recxnaCCDAH8y6Pr1","standard_name":"Gene Editing","standard_id":1667,"std_year":3},{"id":50,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Medicine ","description":"The history of medicine shows how societies have changed in their approach to illness and disease from ancient times to the present. Early medical traditions include those of Babylon, China, Egypt and India. The Hippocratic Oath was written in ancient Greece in the 5th century BCE, and is a direct inspiration for oaths of office that physicians swear upon entry into the profession today. In the Middle Ages, surgical practices inherited from the ancient masters were improved and then systematized in Rogerius's The Practice of Surgery. Universities began systematic training of physicians around 1220 CE in Italy. \n\nInvention of the microscope was a consequence of improved understanding, during the Renaissance. Prior to the 19th century, humorism (also known as humoralism) was thought to explain the cause of disease but it was gradually replaced by the germ theory of disease, leading to effective treatments and even cures for many infectious diseases. Military doctors advanced the methods of trauma treatment and surgery. Public health measures were developed especially in the 19th century as the rapid growth of cities required systematic sanitary measures. Advanced research centers opened in the early 20th century, often connected with major hospitals. The mid-20th century was characterized by new biological treatments, such as antibiotics. These advancements, along with developments in chemistry, genetics, and radiography led to modern medicine. ","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69013,"thread_id":1170,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recxnaCCDAH8y6Pr1","standard_name":"CRISPR\/Cas 9 Paper Published ","standard_id":1129,"std_year":2},{"id":50,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Medicine ","description":"The history of medicine shows how societies have changed in their approach to illness and disease from ancient times to the present. Early medical traditions include those of Babylon, China, Egypt and India. The Hippocratic Oath was written in ancient Greece in the 5th century BCE, and is a direct inspiration for oaths of office that physicians swear upon entry into the profession today. In the Middle Ages, surgical practices inherited from the ancient masters were improved and then systematized in Rogerius's The Practice of Surgery. Universities began systematic training of physicians around 1220 CE in Italy. \n\nInvention of the microscope was a consequence of improved understanding, during the Renaissance. Prior to the 19th century, humorism (also known as humoralism) was thought to explain the cause of disease but it was gradually replaced by the germ theory of disease, leading to effective treatments and even cures for many infectious diseases. Military doctors advanced the methods of trauma treatment and surgery. Public health measures were developed especially in the 19th century as the rapid growth of cities required systematic sanitary measures. Advanced research centers opened in the early 20th century, often connected with major hospitals. The mid-20th century was characterized by new biological treatments, such as antibiotics. These advancements, along with developments in chemistry, genetics, and radiography led to modern medicine. ","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69013,"thread_id":1170,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recxnaCCDAH8y6Pr1","standard_name":"Covid-19 Pandemic","standard_id":1099,"std_year":2}],"Mobility ":[{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Aleut People Settle Alaskan Peninsula","standard_id":1756,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Sailboat","standard_id":1625,"std_year":4},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Fosna Culture","standard_id":1809,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Nile Valley Settlement","standard_id":1224,"std_year":0},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"First Settlements at Byblos","standard_id":1779,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Sumer Founded by Ubaid People (Asia: Middle East)","standard_id":1237,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Wheel","standard_id":1626,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Trade Between Byblos and Egypt ","standard_id":1780,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Hunter Gathers Settle Angkor Region (Asia: Other)","standard_id":1770,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Canaanite Settlements in Jerusalem (Asia: Middle East)","standard_id":1746,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Norte Chico Settlement","standard_id":1464,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Paleo-Eskimos Settle Arctic Regions of North America","standard_id":1754,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"First Settlements Appear in Japan (Asia:Other)","standard_id":1731,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Norte Chico Expansion","standard_id":1465,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Gutian Period in Sumer (Asia: Middle East)","standard_id":1727,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Amorite Conquest of Byblos","standard_id":1782,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Indo-Aryan Migrations (Asia: India)","standard_id":1199,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Norte Chico Civilization Decline","standard_id":1466,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Hittites Sack Babylon (Asia: Middle East)","standard_id":1743,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Egypt Defeats Canaanite Coalition","standard_id":1749,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Exodus of the Hebrews ","standard_id":1132,"std_year":0},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Hebrew Tribes Settle Canaan (Asia: Middle East)","standard_id":1750,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Assyrians Conquer Phoenicia","standard_id":1784,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Iroquois Culture","standard_id":1131,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Bedouin Networks (Asia: Middle East) ","standard_id":1693,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Foundation of Carthage","standard_id":1787,"std_year":0},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Second Wave of Phoenician Migration","standard_id":1788,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Phoenicians Undertake the First Circumnavigation of Africa","standard_id":1789,"std_year":0},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Greco-Persian Wars (Asia: Middle East)","standard_id":1126,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Bubonic Plague","standard_id":1259,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Macedonian Empire","standard_id":1468,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Persian Conquests of Alexander the Great (Asia: Middle East)","standard_id":1401,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":" African Conquests of Alexander the Great ","standard_id":1228,"std_year":0},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Southern Expansion (Asia: China) ","standard_id":1697,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Compass","standard_id":1634,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Silk Road Opens to the West (Asia: China)","standard_id":1110,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Han Imperial Expansion (Asia: China) ","standard_id":1690,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Development of Aksum Trade","standard_id":1318,"std_year":0},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Migration Period ","standard_id":1769,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Settlement of Hawaiian Islands","standard_id":1605,"std_year":4},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Spread of Aksum Christianity","standard_id":1321,"std_year":0},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Trade Between Khmer and Indians (Asia: Other)","standard_id":1775,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Buddhism Introduced to Japan (Asia: Other)","standard_id":1733,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"First Bubonic Plague","standard_id":1111,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Vendel Period: Scandinavian Golden Age","standard_id":1768,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Slavic Migration into Bohemia and Pannonia","standard_id":1798,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Tibet Invades Nepal (Asia: Other)","standard_id":1761,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Tibetan Empire Conquers Central Asia (Asia:Other)","standard_id":1762,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Staraja Ladoga Founded as Trade Center","standard_id":1801,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Islamic Advancements (Asia: Middle East)","standard_id":1122,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"The Lindisfarne Raid ","standard_id":1284,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Kyoto Becomes Capital (Asia: Other)","standard_id":1737,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Astronomical Quadrants","standard_id":1638,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Kievan Rus Founded","standard_id":1533,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Viking Arrival in England ","standard_id":1285,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Tongan Expansionism","standard_id":1314,"std_year":4},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Mayan Decline and Spanish Conquest ","standard_id":1512,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Viking Discovery of North America ","standard_id":1290,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Crusaders Capture Antioch (Asia: Middle East)","standard_id":1492,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Foundation of Timbuktu","standard_id":1791,"std_year":0},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Settlement of the Mexico Valley","standard_id":1711,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Inca Migrate to Cuzco Valley","standard_id":1712,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Hawaii Colonized by Tahitians","standard_id":1187,"std_year":4},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":" Saudeleur Dynasty Rules Pohnpei ","standard_id":1188,"std_year":4},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Tongan Oceanic Expansion","standard_id":1315,"std_year":4},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Rise of the Mongol Empire (Asia: China)","standard_id":1141,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Mongols Invade Kievan Rus","standard_id":1536,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Mongol Conquest of Europe","standard_id":1451,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Voyages of Marco Polo","standard_id":1117,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Black Death","standard_id":1112,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Japan Joins Ming Tribute System (Asia: China)","standard_id":1503,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Voyages of Zheng He ","standard_id":1398,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Portuguese Colonization in Africa","standard_id":1563,"std_year":0},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"End of Khmer Empire","standard_id":1777,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Portuguese Bring First African Slaves to Europe","standard_id":1382,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Renaissance Age of Exploration ","standard_id":1123,"std_year":0},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Columbus' Transatlantic Voyages ","standard_id":1145,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Portuguese Voyages to India (Asia: India)","standard_id":1565,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Conquistadors Bring First Enslaved Africans to the New World ","standard_id":1383,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Portuguese Establish Trading Station in Brazil ","standard_id":1566,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Portuguese Colonization in India (Asia: India)","standard_id":1567,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Portuguese Colonization of Mozambique Island","standard_id":1569,"std_year":0},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Inca Abandon Machu Picchu","standard_id":1715,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Spanish Arrival to Yucat\u00e1n ","standard_id":1273,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Magellan Circumnavigates the Globe","standard_id":1118,"std_year":4},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Spanish Exploration in Yucat\u00e1n","standard_id":1274,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Ming Emperor Orders Destruction of Ships (Asia: China)","standard_id":1399,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Spanish Conquistadors Arrive in South America","standard_id":1716,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Spanish Seize Cuzco (End of Inca Empire)","standard_id":1717,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Portuguese Establish Plantations in Brazil","standard_id":1570,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Hernando de Soto's North American Expedition ","standard_id":1407,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Portuguese Contact with Japan (Asia: Other)","standard_id":1571,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Portugal Makes Brazil a Crown Colony ","standard_id":1572,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Expansion of Mughal Empire (Asia: India)","standard_id":1147,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Triangular Slave Trade ","standard_id":1384,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Dutch Expansion of Trade in Africa","standard_id":1127,"std_year":0},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Dutch Arrive in Southeast Asia (Asia: Other)","standard_id":1574,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Foundation of Acadia","standard_id":1753,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Galileo Discovers Planets","standard_id":1355,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Voyage of the Mayflower","standard_id":1148,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Founding of Dutch West Indian Company (Asia: India)","standard_id":1526,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Dutch Discovery of Tasmania","standard_id":1190,"std_year":4},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Dutch Conquer Portuguese Settlements in Asia (Asia: Other)","standard_id":1528,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Dutch Settlement in southern Africa  ","standard_id":1609,"std_year":0},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Modernization of Qing Dynasty (Asia: China)","standard_id":1553,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Dutch Lose War with England ","standard_id":1530,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"British Discoveries in Oceania","standard_id":1191,"std_year":4},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"British Take Possession of Eastern Australia","standard_id":1192,"std_year":4},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"British Transport Convicts to Australia","standard_id":1193,"std_year":4},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"First Railway Journey","standard_id":1619,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Steam Powered Train ","standard_id":1647,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Western Missionaries, Traders and Disease Arrive in Hawaii","standard_id":1607,"std_year":4},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"British Settlers Arrive in South Africa","standard_id":1610,"std_year":0},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"First Large Scale Railways","standard_id":1622,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"First Opium War (Asia: China)","standard_id":1444,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"U.S. East India Fleet Visits Japan (Asia: Other)","standard_id":1594,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Automobile","standard_id":1672,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Internal Combustion Engine Invented ","standard_id":1623,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Airplane","standard_id":1673,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Western European Invasions","standard_id":1419,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Great Influenza Epidemic","standard_id":1103,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Rise of Modern Human Trafficking ","standard_id":1105,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Container Ship","standard_id":1658,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Space Programs ","standard_id":1659,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Russia Launches Sputnik","standard_id":1172,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"U.S. Astronauts Land on the Moon","standard_id":1179,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"AIDS Epidemic","standard_id":1109,"std_year":0},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"International Space Station Opens","standard_id":1765,"std_year":3},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"First \"Tourist\" in Space","standard_id":1766,"std_year":1},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Groundwater Loss Seen From Space (Asia: India)","standard_id":1704,"std_year":2},{"id":42,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Mobility ","description":"Humans have long recognized the importance and value of maps to their lives.  The history of mapping can be traced to more than 5,000 years ago. Through the ages maps have become more complex and more accurate \u2013 particularly as understanding of the Earth, mathematics and geography has expanded.\n\nRepresenting the \u2018world\u2019 has always been one of mankind\u2019s needs. We draw it on a map as we slowly discover it so that we can say it\u2019s ours, to appropriate it.\n\nThe story of map-making is inextricably linked to that of mobility: exploration, voyages and discovery. The oldest maps mixed geography and religion, observation and philosophy, giving a shape and position to places that no-one had yet seen or would ever have seen, like Paradise and Hell. \u2018Fantastic\u2019 maps often contaminate the planispheres and show a very strong drive for knowledge, accompanied by an equally strong desire to explore.\n\nUsing modern satellite systems and surveying techniques, contemporary cartographers are now able to measure and map with very high precision and consistency.  As a result, maps have become absolutely critical to most fields of human mobility and human endeavour.\n\n","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69005,"thread_id":1162,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recHkHcghexWHMM55","standard_name":"Covid-19 Pandemic","standard_id":1099,"std_year":2}],"Public Administration ":[{"id":49,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Public Administration ","description":null,"level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69012,"thread_id":1169,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recoWPRwudz4AN5i5","standard_name":"Hierarchical Societies Emerge ","standard_id":1460,"std_year":3},{"id":49,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Public Administration ","description":null,"level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69012,"thread_id":1169,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"recoWPRwudz4AN5i5","standard_name":"City of Uruk Founded (Asia: Middle 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In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"Hellinisation of Rome","standard_id":1252,"std_year":3},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"Shitong (first histiography) ","standard_id":1818,"std_year":2},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"Yaroslav the Wise Rules Rurik Dynasty","standard_id":1535,"std_year":3},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"Optical Lenses ","standard_id":1678,"std_year":2},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"Renaissance Innovation ","standard_id":1368,"std_year":3},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"Ming Dynasty Founds Donglin Academy (Asia: China)","standard_id":1506,"std_year":2},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"Russian Westernization","standard_id":1203,"std_year":3},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"Russia Becomes a European Power","standard_id":1359,"std_year":3},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"Newton's Principia","standard_id":1811,"std_year":3},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"Enlightenment Movement ","standard_id":1152,"std_year":3},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"Spirit of the Laws","standard_id":1810,"std_year":3},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"Encyclop\u00e9die","standard_id":1819,"std_year":3},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"Russian Enlightenment","standard_id":1361,"std_year":3},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"French Revolution ","standard_id":1150,"std_year":3},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"On the Origin of Species ","standard_id":1825,"std_year":3},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"The Interpretation of Dreams","standard_id":1833,"std_year":3},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"Radioactivity ","standard_id":1651,"std_year":3},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"End of Chinese Cultural Revolution (Asia: China)","standard_id":1583,"std_year":2},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"First International Treaty on Climate Change","standard_id":1821,"std_year":1},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. In the 19th century, new perspectives regarding the conservation of energy, age of the Earth, and evolution came into focus.And in the 20th century, new discoveries in genetics and physics laid the foundations for new subdisciplines such as molecular biology and particle physics. Moreover, industrial and military concerns as well as the increasing complexity of new research endeavors soon ushered in the era of \"big science,\" particularly after the Second World War.","level_id":11,"inheritable_id":69002,"thread_id":1159,"airtablebase":"appzvBl5czjyITZE7","airtableid":"rec1MsNmRbAW8iqpB","standard_name":"Human Genome Sequenced ","standard_id":1116,"std_year":1},{"id":39,"offset":0,"trash":0,"create_time":"2022-04-24 23:06:27","update_time":null,"name":"Reasoning  ","description":"The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3000 to 1200 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and medicine entered and shaped Greek natural philosophy of classical antiquity, whereby formal attempts were made to provide explanations of events in the physical world based on natural causes.\n\nNatural philosophy was transformed during the Scientific Revolution in 16th- to 17th-century Europe, as new ideas and discoveries departed from previous Greek conceptions and traditions. The New Science that emerged was more mechanistic in its worldview, more integrated with mathematics, and more reliable and open as its knowledge was based on a newly defined scientific method.\n\nMore \"revolutions\" in subsequent centuries soon followed. The chemical revolution of the 18th century, for instance, introduced new quantitative methods and measurements for chemistry. 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